2025-10-172025-11-172025-10-172025-11-171970https://openaccess.ircica.org/handle/123456789/280301 black and white negativeMahmud II, 1785-1839Topkapı Palace-İstanbulTurkish calligraphyTopkapı Sarayı'nda Sultan Mahmud tarafından yazılmış hat levhaPhotograph