2025-10-172025-11-172025-10-172025-11-171970https://openaccess.ircica.org/handle/123456789/268065 black and white negativesBezmiâlem Valide Sultan Fountain (Beşiktaş)-İstanbulBezmiâlem Valide Sultan Fountain-InscriptionsFountains (Beşiktaş)-İstanbulFountain inscriptionsTughra (Turkish royal cipher)Maçka`da Bezmiâlem Valide Sultan Çeşmesi, kitabeleri ve tuğrasıPhotograph